A recent study published on arXiv of Cornell University reveals a concerning fact: Even when implementing the most comprehensive cybersecurity frameworks in the market, enterprises still struggle to defend against major supply chain attacks such as those of SolarWinds, log4j, and XZ Utils. The researchers analyzed 73 tasks recommended in 10 well-known software security frameworks (including the NIST Secure Software Development Framework of the United States), but found that all these frameworks have common blind spots.
We believe that this discovery once again proves a core concept: Simply implementing a cybersecurity framework is not enough. A systematic validation process must be adopted to ensure the actual effectiveness of supply chain security defenses.
01 Key Blind Spots of Cybersecurity Frameworks
The study found that although these frameworks cover 73 best practices, there are still three key mitigation factors missing in all of them:
1. Ensuring the sustainability of open-source software
2. Using environmental scanning tools
3. Ensuring that application partners report their vulnerabilities
It is precisely these blind spots that have created opportunities for supply chain attacks such as SolarWinds, log4j, and XZ Utils. Next, we will explore how the Atlas Cybersecurity Validation Platform can fill these blind spots through four key stages.
02 The Four-Stage Validation Method of digiDations Cybersecurity Validation
Stage 1: VERIFY – Is the Deployment and Configuration in Line with the Design?
In the SolarWinds attack, many affected organizations, although they had deployed security tools, failed to validate whether these tools were correctly configured and running. Investigations show that the security products of some victim organizations did not operate as designed or had configuration deviations, allowing attackers to lurk undetected for a long time.
digiDations Cybersecurity Validation Method
The core question that the Atlas Cybersecurity Validation Platform focuses on in the first stage is: “Are our security products and configurations consistent with the design?”
At this stage, the platform can:
- Validate that the deployment of security products conforms to the expected architectural design
- Confirm the correctness of key configurations and detect configuration deviations
- Validate that baseline control measures have been correctly implemented
- Ensure that basic functions such as log transmission and time synchronization are operating normally
This stage directly addresses a number of basic defense measures emphasized in the study, including role-based access control, system monitoring, and configuration management, ensuring that they are not only deployed but also running correctly.
Stage 2: EVALUATE – Are the Security Products Effective in Real Combat?
After the Log4j vulnerability was exposed, many organizations found that their security tools performed poorly in the face of such attacks. Although they passed the tests in a controlled environment, when facing real attacks, these tools failed to detect and block them. The problem is that most organizations have never tested the effectiveness of their security products against real-world attack scenarios.
digiDations Cybersecurity Validation Method
The core question we focus on in the second stage is: “Are our security products effective in real attack scenarios?”
At this stage, the platform can:
- Test security products using real-world attack scenarios
- Evaluate the detection capabilities of various security products against supply chain attacks
- Simulate common supply chain attack techniques to validate the effectiveness of defenses
- Evaluate the response capabilities of the defense system against unknown variant attacks
Through these evaluations, organizations can understand the actual performance of their security products when facing real supply chain attacks, rather than just their theoretical protection capabilities. This directly addresses the lack of environmental scanning tools pointed out in the study.
Stage 3: ANALYZE – Can Association Rules Accurately Identify Real Threats?
The XZ Utils attack demonstrates the limitations of single-dimensional detection. Many organizations, although they have deployed a variety of security tools and platforms, lack effective correlation analysis capabilities and cannot correlate scattered security event logs or audit logs into a complete attack chain. This leads to the situation that even if some attack activities are detected, they are not recognized as serious threats, let alone the situation where security products do not issue alarms and correlation analysis needs to be carried out based on audit logs.
digiDations Cybersecurity Validation Method
The core question we focus on in the third stage is: “Can our association rules accurately identify real threats?”
At this stage, the platform can:
- Identify the blind spots and deficiencies of single product alarms
- Evaluate the correlation analysis capabilities of SIEM/SOC
- Generate Sigma rules through AI technology to supplement detection capabilities
- Achieve comprehensive correlation analysis according to the behavior of the attack context
- Integrate threat intelligence to provide a complete view of the attack chain
By strengthening the correlation analysis capabilities, organizations can overcome the limitations of single-dimensional detection and achieve a comprehensive identification of complex supply chain attacks. This especially addresses the sustainability challenges of open-source software mentioned in the study, reducing the dependence on the security of a single component through better threat detection.
Stage 4: OPTIMIZE – Is the Emergency Response Process Consistent and Effective?
In the incident response of the SolarWinds attack, many organizations, although they detected abnormalities, had a slow and inconsistent response process, allowing attackers enough time to achieve their goals. The problem lies in the lack of a verified and consistent response process, as well as the continuous optimization of response efficiency.
digiDations Cybersecurity Validation Method
The core question that the platform focuses on in the fourth stage is: “Is our incident response process always consistent and effective?”
At this stage, the platform can:
- Validate the end-to-end incident response workflow
- Measure and optimize the response time
- Support incident tracing and root cause analysis
- Use AI analysis to find efficiency bottlenecks
- Provide improvement suggestions based on actual data
By optimizing the response process, organizations can ensure that they can take prompt and consistent actions when supply chain attacks are discovered, minimizing losses. This directly addresses the challenge of ensuring that application partners report vulnerabilities mentioned in the study, by establishing an efficient vulnerability management and response mechanism.
03 Ten Defense Measures from the Perspective of Cybersecurity Validation
The researchers have identified 10 priority defense measures. We believe that implementing these measures is just the first step. Enterprises must establish a validation mechanism to ensure that they are truly effective:
- Restrict the flow of information across trust boundaries (Stage 1)
- Traditional implementation: Set up network segmentation
- Validation method: Conduct network openness detection and continuously validate the effectiveness of segmentation
2. Role-based access control (Stage 1)
- Traditional implementation: Set up a permission matrix
- Validation method: Regularly conduct permission escalation tests to validate whether the permission boundaries are truly unbreakable
3. Monitor and control boundary communication (Stage 1)
- Traditional implementation: Configure firewall rules
- Validation method: Conduct network penetration testing to validate the effectiveness of boundary control
4. Monitor changes in configuration settings (Stage 1)
- Traditional implementation: Establish a configuration baseline
- Validation method: Attempt unauthorized configuration changes to validate whether the detection and audit mechanisms are triggered
5. Protect static information (Stage 2)
- Traditional implementation: Implement encryption
- Validation method: Conduct data breach tests to validate whether the leakage of sensitive data is detected
6. Continuous system monitoring (Stage 2)
- Traditional implementation: Deploy monitoring tools
- Validation method: Test the detection capabilities of the monitoring system through simulated attacks and evaluate whether there are detection blind spots
7. Enable authentication (Stage 2)
- Traditional implementation: Implement multi-factor authentication
- Validation method: Conduct social engineering tests and credential tests to evaluate the resilience of the authentication system
8. Threat modeling and attack surface analysis (Stage 3)
- Traditional implementation: Conduct threat modeling exercises
- Validation method: Conduct hypothetical attack scenario tests to validate whether all key threat vectors have been identified
9. Update vulnerable dependencies (Stage 4)
- Traditional implementation: Deploy vulnerability scanning tools
- Validation method: Trigger security validation based on the results of vulnerability scanning and provide a basis for repair priorities
10. Repair vulnerabilities based on risk (Stage 4)
- Traditional implementation: Develop vulnerability repair priorities
- Validation method: Conduct risk validation assessments to confirm whether the priority division truly reflects the business
04 A Comprehensive Supply Chain Cybersecurity Validation Strategy
Based on the research findings and digiDations’ four-stage cybersecurity validation process, we recommend that organizations adopt the following strategies to strengthen supply chain security:
1. Establish a validation-first culture: Don’t just be satisfied with framework compliance, but ensure that security products are truly effective through continuous validation.
2. Form a security baseline monitoring mechanism: Form a security baseline specific to the enterprise through continuous observation and detection, and establish a monitoring mechanism.
3. Implement real-world evaluations: Regularly test security products using real attack scenarios to understand the performance of the defense system in actual combat.
4. Strengthen correlation analysis capabilities: Go beyond single-dimensional detection and build comprehensive threat identification capabilities.
5. Optimize the response process: Continuously improve the incident response process based on actual data to ensure consistent and effective threat handling.
6. Use AI to enhance the efficiency of the whole process: Integrate AI technology at each security stage to achieve automated and intelligent cybersecurity validation.
The attacks of SolarWinds, log4j, and XZ Utils clearly show that even the most comprehensive cybersecurity frameworks have blind spots. The Atlas Cybersecurity Validation Platform, through a complete four-stage process, helps organizations go beyond the framework checklist and achieve truly effective supply chain security defenses.